WEBVTT

00:00:17.440 --> 00:00:21.120 align:center line:-2
<i>This building housed</i>
<i>Otto Weidt's workshop for the blind.</i>

00:00:21.280 --> 00:00:25.320 align:center line:-1
<i>From 1940 to 1945 it was the workplace</i>

00:00:25.920 --> 00:00:28.560 align:center line:-1
<i>of primarily Jewish blind and deaf people.</i>

00:00:28.720 --> 00:00:30.600 align:center line:-1
<i>Weidt risked his own life</i>

00:00:30.760 --> 00:00:35.560 align:center line:-2
<i>to protect those workers, and did</i>
<i>all he could to save them from certain death.</i>

00:00:35.960 --> 00:00:38.720 align:center line:-1
<i>Many people owe their lives to him.</i>

00:00:45.560 --> 00:00:47.840 align:center line:-1
<i>Here, everything was different.</i>

00:00:48.000 --> 00:00:51.000 align:center line:-1
<i>When you came here you were met by someone</i>

00:00:51.160 --> 00:00:54.280 align:center line:-2
<i>who was friendly</i>
<i>and who wanted to help you.</i>

00:00:54.440 --> 00:00:56.440 align:center line:-1
<i>He helped us onto our feet.</i>

00:00:56.600 --> 00:00:58.960 align:center line:-2
STUDENTS FROM
A LUTHERAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN POTSDAM

00:00:59.280 --> 00:01:03.680 align:center line:-2
MEET INGE DEUTSCHKRON AT THE MUSEUM
OF THE OTTO WEIDT WORKSHOP FOR THE BLIND.

00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:06.320 align:center line:-1
Thank you for allowing us to be here.

00:01:06.480 --> 00:01:08.160 align:center line:-1
I'm not to blame!

00:01:13.720 --> 00:01:17.040 align:center line:-2
Thank you very much for coming.
That's nice of you.

00:01:17.200 --> 00:01:19.400 align:center line:-2
You've come quite a long way, right?
- Yes.

00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:21.480 align:center line:-1
When did you get up?

00:01:21.640 --> 00:01:23.800 align:center line:-2
At six.
- That's nothing!

00:01:23.960 --> 00:01:25.440 align:center line:-1
Exactly!

00:01:26.240 --> 00:01:28.240 align:center line:-1
And you? Six as well?

00:01:31.080 --> 00:01:32.600 align:center line:-1
Half past five?

00:01:32.760 --> 00:01:35.880 align:center line:-2
From Potsdam, right?
You've all come from Potsdam. I see.

00:01:37.320 --> 00:01:42.080 align:center line:-2
I've heard you already know everything?
Let's see if that's true, shall we?

00:01:42.320 --> 00:01:44.240 align:center line:-2
Should we start?
- Yes.

00:01:45.240 --> 00:01:49.520 align:center line:-2
How did you start working for Otto Weidt?
How did you meet him?

00:01:49.680 --> 00:01:52.240 align:center line:-1
Oh, it was actually just by chance.

00:01:52.400 --> 00:01:56.240 align:center line:-2
At that time, Jews had to work
in factories, you know?

00:01:56.400 --> 00:01:59.800 align:center line:-2
In factories,
or out on the street or something.

00:02:00.600 --> 00:02:04.400 align:center line:-2
The Jews had to do the hard work,
the heavy labor.

00:02:04.720 --> 00:02:09.840 align:center line:-2
They weren't allowed to do the lighter work.
Office work was out of the question.

00:02:10.000 --> 00:02:14.120 align:center line:-2
Of course we were scared of that.
I didn't want to work in a factory.

00:02:14.440 --> 00:02:18.760 align:center line:-2
My employer, who I'd been working for
as a home help, knew that, and said,

00:02:19.360 --> 00:02:21.440 align:center line:-1
"You have to find a decent employer.

00:02:21.600 --> 00:02:24.440 align:center line:-2
Let's see
if we can work something out for you."

00:02:25.000 --> 00:02:28.200 align:center line:-2
He sent me to a woman
in the Jewish community, who said,

00:02:28.360 --> 00:02:31.360 align:center line:-1
"I know someone who is very good to Jews."

00:02:31.520 --> 00:02:34.440 align:center line:-1
And that was rare at that time. As you know.

00:02:34.600 --> 00:02:37.480 align:center line:-1
And she sent me here. Right here.

00:02:37.800 --> 00:02:40.240 align:center line:-1
And Otto Weidt was sitting there.

00:02:40.560 --> 00:02:42.520 align:center line:-1
I couldn't even tell he was blind.

00:02:42.680 --> 00:02:45.880 align:center line:-2
And he acted like he could see.
I had a letter for him.

00:02:46.200 --> 00:02:50.440 align:center line:-2
And he acted as if he could read it,
but he couldn't actually read it.

00:02:50.760 --> 00:02:53.000 align:center line:-1
He asked about who I was,

00:02:53.160 --> 00:02:56.080 align:center line:-1
where I came from, who my family were, etc.

00:02:56.240 --> 00:02:59.120 align:center line:-1
He was particularly interested in my father,

00:03:00.120 --> 00:03:03.320 align:center line:-2
who had been a very active Social Democrat
before the Nazi era

00:03:03.960 --> 00:03:06.440 align:center line:-1
and had fought against the Nazis.

00:03:06.600 --> 00:03:10.800 align:center line:-2
It was normal for the Communists
and the Social Democrats to fight

00:03:11.120 --> 00:03:13.560 align:center line:-1
the Nazis and their attempt to gain power.

00:03:13.880 --> 00:03:17.560 align:center line:-2
That really interested Otto Weidt,
and later I found out

00:03:17.720 --> 00:03:20.560 align:center line:-1
that his political views were anti-Nazi.

00:03:20.720 --> 00:03:24.720 align:center line:-2
And then he said suddenly,
"I would like you to come work for me."

00:03:25.560 --> 00:03:29.760 align:center line:-2
Of course, I was very pleased,
though I had no idea what this place was.

00:03:30.080 --> 00:03:32.640 align:center line:-1
A workshop for the blind that makes brushes,

00:03:32.960 --> 00:03:36.080 align:center line:-1
and that you have to learn how to do that.

00:03:36.280 --> 00:03:40.720 align:center line:-2
And so I said yes. So he submitted
a request to the labor office.

00:03:41.040 --> 00:03:43.920 align:center line:-1
There was a separate labor office for Jews.

00:03:44.240 --> 00:03:46.800 align:center line:-1
But it wasn't in the hands of the Jews.

00:03:46.960 --> 00:03:51.480 align:center line:-2
It was run by a Nazi, an arch-Nazi.
A really nasty piece of work.

00:03:51.800 --> 00:03:55.680 align:center line:-2
He called us horrible things
like "dirty Jews" and "Jewish swine."

00:03:55.840 --> 00:03:59.640 align:center line:-2
But there was something comical about him.
He had short legs.

00:03:59.800 --> 00:04:03.320 align:center line:-2
He would stomp around the workshop
like a crazy man.

00:04:03.480 --> 00:04:07.320 align:center line:-2
But it looked like his body
couldn't keep up with him.

00:04:08.040 --> 00:04:12.200 align:center line:-2
It was very funny. What wasn't funny
was his disgusting behavior.

00:04:12.360 --> 00:04:16.320 align:center line:-2
He found out
that the Jewish community had helped us

00:04:16.480 --> 00:04:20.040 align:center line:-2
to go and work for Otto Weidt,
and on that day he kicked us out.

00:04:20.200 --> 00:04:25.040 align:center line:-2
We had to go to work at the IG Farben factory
and it was really horrible there.

00:04:25.200 --> 00:04:29.640 align:center line:-2
We weren't allowed to be with the "Aryans"...
The name for those who weren't Jews.

00:04:30.200 --> 00:04:33.440 align:center line:-2
You know that, do you?
We couldn't be with them.

00:04:33.600 --> 00:04:36.800 align:center line:-1
And the overseer, a big heavy woman...

00:04:36.960 --> 00:04:39.440 align:center line:-1
would stand a meter away from us.

00:04:39.600 --> 00:04:44.040 align:center line:-2
I thought we must have some kind of germs
we didn't know about. In any case...

00:04:44.480 --> 00:04:46.560 align:center line:-1
We were treated horribly.

00:04:47.000 --> 00:04:51.480 align:center line:-2
There was only one thing we talked about.
We were a group of women, yeah?

00:04:51.640 --> 00:04:54.760 align:center line:-2
How can we get out of here?
There must be a way out somehow.

00:04:56.400 --> 00:05:00.840 align:center line:-2
And the women who were older...
I was 19 at that time and fit as a fiddle.

00:05:01.520 --> 00:05:06.160 align:center line:-2
But the others were older and they got sick,
or they pretended to get sick maybe.

00:05:06.320 --> 00:05:09.640 align:center line:-2
In any case, one after the next
they were fired.

00:05:09.800 --> 00:05:14.600 align:center line:-2
Because at that time the company
IG Farben had to pay sick leave.

00:05:14.760 --> 00:05:16.720 align:center line:-1
What did I have? Nothing.

00:05:17.280 --> 00:05:22.200 align:center line:-2
And I can't exactly remember how I, too,
ended up getting "sick" after all.

00:05:22.680 --> 00:05:25.000 align:center line:-1
The next day

00:05:25.160 --> 00:05:28.080 align:center line:-2
I went to work
wearing very high heeled shoes.

00:05:28.400 --> 00:05:31.480 align:center line:-2
And I stood next to the machine
for ten hours.

00:05:31.640 --> 00:05:36.040 align:center line:-2
We were making silk for parachutes.
That was very hard work, you know?

00:05:36.200 --> 00:05:39.840 align:center line:-2
And, of course, my strategy
with the high-heeled shoes worked.

00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:45.360 align:center line:-2
After three days my knee went "crack"
and I couldn't move it anymore.

00:05:46.080 --> 00:05:48.920 align:center line:-2
That wasn't nice, of course,
but it was also good.

00:05:49.240 --> 00:05:53.400 align:center line:-2
I was indeed fired and the first thing I did
was to go to Otto Weidt.

00:05:53.720 --> 00:05:56.440 align:center line:-1
I knew that was something he'd understand.

00:05:56.600 --> 00:06:00.320 align:center line:-2
I came in here and he was thrilled.
He really liked my story.

00:06:00.480 --> 00:06:03.440 align:center line:-2
At that time he was already...
He was no longer young.

00:06:03.600 --> 00:06:08.960 align:center line:-2
For him, I was a little girl,
whereas he was an old man.

00:06:09.280 --> 00:06:13.600 align:center line:-2
He had a lot of wrinkles. When he smiled
his face was like an accordion.

00:06:13.920 --> 00:06:18.000 align:center line:-2
Can you imagine that?
Lots of creases, all lined up.

00:06:18.160 --> 00:06:22.040 align:center line:-2
In any case, he immediately said,
"Well, that's wonderful!

00:06:22.200 --> 00:06:26.720 align:center line:-2
Now we'll try to make sure
that you get a job working for me.

00:06:27.600 --> 00:06:32.840 align:center line:-2
And so we went to the labor office,
to that horrible man who was in charge there.

00:06:33.520 --> 00:06:35.840 align:center line:-1
I had a big bandage around my knee.

00:06:36.000 --> 00:06:38.480 align:center line:-2
I no longer needed it,
but it was better that way.

00:06:38.640 --> 00:06:41.920 align:center line:-2
And a stick, of course.
And he had his armband for the blind.

00:06:42.640 --> 00:06:46.280 align:center line:-2
When he went to see officials
he always wore that armband.

00:06:46.440 --> 00:06:50.080 align:center line:-2
It gives a different impression.
"Oh, here comes a blind man."

00:06:50.240 --> 00:06:54.880 align:center line:-2
So I had my bandaged knee and a stick
and he had his armband and a cane.

00:06:55.520 --> 00:06:57.840 align:center line:-1
When I described it later, I said,

00:06:58.160 --> 00:07:01.320 align:center line:-1
"We were the blind and the lame."

00:07:01.480 --> 00:07:04.480 align:center line:-1
You know? That's how we showed up there.

00:07:05.200 --> 00:07:10.120 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt had something under his arm.
Later I found out it was a small package.

00:07:10.280 --> 00:07:14.800 align:center line:-1
In any case, he went into this guy's office.

00:07:14.960 --> 00:07:17.920 align:center line:-1
He treated him like an old friend, you know?

00:07:18.080 --> 00:07:22.480 align:center line:-2
And then he came back and said to me,
"Come on, you. You have a job with me."

00:07:22.640 --> 00:07:24.600 align:center line:-1
That's how Otto Weidt spoke to me.

00:07:24.760 --> 00:07:29.120 align:center line:-1
And so I walked along, leaning on my stick.

00:07:29.280 --> 00:07:32.720 align:center line:-2
And I toddled along... Used it to get up.
In any case...

00:07:33.240 --> 00:07:38.120 align:center line:-2
And this Mr. Eschhaus was walking along
behind Otto Weidt, and he said,

00:07:38.280 --> 00:07:40.560 align:center line:-1
"We are so grateful to you.

00:07:40.720 --> 00:07:45.120 align:center line:-2
You always take those people
that we can't place anywhere else."

00:07:45.840 --> 00:07:49.200 align:center line:-2
And of course Otto Weidt pretended
to go along with it.

00:07:49.800 --> 00:07:52.760 align:center line:-2
Of course we laughed
ourselves silly about it afterwards.

00:07:52.920 --> 00:07:54.880 align:center line:-1
So I began working for Otto Weidt.

00:07:55.200 --> 00:07:58.640 align:center line:-2
I wasn't the only person
that Otto Weidt employed.

00:07:58.960 --> 00:08:03.080 align:center line:-2
Alice Licht was four years older than me,
and she became his secretary.

00:08:03.400 --> 00:08:06.840 align:center line:-2
She was a wonderful secretary,
of a kind you don't see anymore.

00:08:07.160 --> 00:08:09.760 align:center line:-1
We also had a book-keeper.

00:08:09.920 --> 00:08:14.760 align:center line:-2
He looked like a typical Prussian.
Every hair was combed into place.

00:08:14.920 --> 00:08:17.640 align:center line:-1
I didn't have a specific function.

00:08:17.800 --> 00:08:20.400 align:center line:-1
I took care of anything that came up.

00:08:20.720 --> 00:08:25.240 align:center line:-2
For instance, I counted the brooms.
How many came in, how many went out.

00:08:25.400 --> 00:08:27.640 align:center line:-1
That was called "dispatching."

00:08:27.960 --> 00:08:31.000 align:center line:-2
That was a function
he created especially for me.

00:08:31.160 --> 00:08:35.080 align:center line:-2
And I operated the telephone.
I knew how to do that back then.

00:08:35.240 --> 00:08:37.640 align:center line:-1
I also wrote invoices.

00:08:37.960 --> 00:08:39.840 align:center line:-1
We were like a family.

00:08:40.160 --> 00:08:43.000 align:center line:-1
Otto Weidt took care of us.

00:08:43.720 --> 00:08:47.120 align:center line:-2
That's the most interesting
and most important thing to me:

00:08:47.280 --> 00:08:52.840 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt treated us like human beings,
which was not normal in Germany at that time.

00:08:53.000 --> 00:08:56.640 align:center line:-2
Jews were... What can I say?
They were "criminals."

00:08:56.960 --> 00:08:58.520 align:center line:-1
"Lowlifes," all sorts.

00:08:58.680 --> 00:09:02.760 align:center line:-2
There was no nasty word
that they didn't call us back then.

00:09:03.120 --> 00:09:07.200 align:center line:-2
And that was... That was something
the people took on board.

00:09:07.360 --> 00:09:10.240 align:center line:-1
I don't understand it but that's how it was.

00:09:10.760 --> 00:09:14.440 align:center line:-2
Jews were "dirty swine."
No one wanted to have anything to do with us.

00:09:14.760 --> 00:09:19.160 align:center line:-2
You could blame Jews for anything
and they couldn't defend themselves.

00:09:20.120 --> 00:09:24.600 align:center line:-2
In any case, here in the workshop
for the blind was Otto Weidt.

00:09:25.760 --> 00:09:29.440 align:center line:-2
He approached us
and treated us like human beings.

00:09:29.600 --> 00:09:33.680 align:center line:-2
If we had worries...
God knows we had plenty of those!

00:09:33.840 --> 00:09:37.680 align:center line:-2
We could go to him
with our worries and our problems.

00:09:37.840 --> 00:09:40.800 align:center line:-2
He tried to help us,
in so far as he was able.

00:09:41.000 --> 00:09:44.240 align:center line:-1
But the fact that he treated us that way,

00:09:44.400 --> 00:09:47.360 align:center line:-1
that he comforted us and gave us hope,

00:09:47.520 --> 00:09:52.960 align:center line:-2
and proved to us that the people he hated
were Adolf Hitler and the Nazis...

00:09:53.120 --> 00:09:56.920 align:center line:-2
I didn't meet anyone else in Berlin
in that time

00:09:57.080 --> 00:10:00.520 align:center line:-2
who hated the Nazis like Otto Weidt did,
and he did all he could

00:10:00.680 --> 00:10:05.160 align:center line:-2
to go behind their backs and trick them
and cause them trouble.

00:10:05.800 --> 00:10:10.720 align:center line:-2
And so of course he treated us very well.
He did everything he could to help us.

00:10:10.880 --> 00:10:15.840 align:center line:-2
And I would say that was far more important
than the material help he gave us.

00:10:16.000 --> 00:10:20.120 align:center line:-2
The things he got us,
such as various food items.

00:10:20.280 --> 00:10:22.680 align:center line:-1
We had hardly anything to eat

00:10:23.000 --> 00:10:25.120 align:center line:-1
because the rations...

00:10:25.280 --> 00:10:28.280 align:center line:-2
As you know,
during the war food was rationed.

00:10:28.440 --> 00:10:31.400 align:center line:-2
You couldn't just go into a shop
and buy butter.

00:10:31.560 --> 00:10:34.280 align:center line:-1
That wasn't possible. We had ration coupons.

00:10:34.440 --> 00:10:38.240 align:center line:-1
And the non-Jews were on fairly tight rations

00:10:38.400 --> 00:10:40.760 align:center line:-1
but they were still much bigger than ours.

00:10:40.920 --> 00:10:42.960 align:center line:-1
Our rations were much smaller.

00:10:43.120 --> 00:10:46.880 align:center line:-2
We had to pick up our ration coupons
from some office or other.

00:10:47.040 --> 00:10:49.840 align:center line:-1
The others had them delivered to them.

00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:54.480 align:center line:-2
We had to stand outside that office
in all weather, come rain or snow.

00:10:54.640 --> 00:10:57.000 align:center line:-1
They kept us waiting outside for hours

00:10:57.520 --> 00:11:01.600 align:center line:-2
before giving us
a paltry number of ration coupons.

00:11:01.760 --> 00:11:04.640 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt knew
that wasn't enough to live off.

00:11:04.800 --> 00:11:07.120 align:center line:-1
These people are working. Right?

00:11:07.280 --> 00:11:09.600 align:center line:-1
They need to have enough to eat.

00:11:09.760 --> 00:11:13.440 align:center line:-2
And so he tried to get hold
of potatoes, bread and so on.

00:11:13.760 --> 00:11:18.680 align:center line:-2
In any case, he did all he could
to help us out with the things we needed.

00:11:19.480 --> 00:11:24.800 align:center line:-2
But the way that he treated us
was actually the more important factor.

00:11:24.960 --> 00:11:30.280 align:center line:-2
Out there on the street someone
might just call out to you: "Dirty Jew!"

00:11:30.440 --> 00:11:32.600 align:center line:-1
We all had to wear the yellow star.

00:11:32.920 --> 00:11:35.600 align:center line:-1
The yellow star was introduced in 1938.

00:11:35.920 --> 00:11:37.800 align:center line:-1
We had to wear it from then on.

00:11:37.960 --> 00:11:41.280 align:center line:-1
And that marked us as Jews, you see?

00:11:42.320 --> 00:11:46.000 align:center line:-2
And the people saw it
and chose to treat us that way.

00:11:46.520 --> 00:11:50.360 align:center line:-2
But here everything was different.
And that was the decisive factor.

00:11:50.520 --> 00:11:55.640 align:center line:-2
I always say that he helped us stand tall,
on the inside.

00:11:55.800 --> 00:11:59.680 align:center line:-2
The thing is that when you have
experiences like that,

00:11:59.840 --> 00:12:05.960 align:center line:-2
when everyone is against you,
you cower, you make yourself small.

00:12:06.360 --> 00:12:10.800 align:center line:-2
Even though you know it's all nonsense,
you can't help but cower.

00:12:10.960 --> 00:12:14.120 align:center line:-2
It was so unbearable.
And then we came here.

00:12:14.280 --> 00:12:17.600 align:center line:-2
Here there was somebody
who was friendly, who helped,

00:12:17.760 --> 00:12:21.040 align:center line:-2
who tried to help us,
and that was the great thing.

00:12:21.200 --> 00:12:25.960 align:center line:-2
I would say that if I hadn't had
this experience with Otto Weidt,

00:12:26.120 --> 00:12:31.120 align:center line:-2
I wouldn't have had the strength to survive
my time living illegally in Berlin.

00:12:31.280 --> 00:12:33.920 align:center line:-1
He gave us a sense of self-respect.

00:12:34.240 --> 00:12:36.440 align:center line:-1
We read the book together,

00:12:36.600 --> 00:12:37.880 align:center line:-1
<i>Papa Weidt.</i>

00:12:38.040 --> 00:12:40.960 align:center line:-1
In it there is a story

00:12:41.120 --> 00:12:43.560 align:center line:-1
about him hiding a family...

00:12:43.880 --> 00:12:46.880 align:center line:-1
Otto Weidt was surely endangering himself.

00:12:47.600 --> 00:12:49.240 align:center line:-1
Why wasn't he in trouble?

00:12:49.400 --> 00:12:52.560 align:center line:-1
The Gestapo had the right

00:12:53.040 --> 00:12:57.720 align:center line:-2
to inspect all workshops and factories
where Jews were working.

00:12:58.880 --> 00:13:01.760 align:center line:-1
And of course they came to us too.

00:13:02.080 --> 00:13:04.960 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt would give them
a tour of the premises.

00:13:05.520 --> 00:13:07.680 align:center line:-1
And this was a trick he had.

00:13:07.840 --> 00:13:11.160 align:center line:-2
He spoke to the Jewish workers
the way a Nazi would.

00:13:11.360 --> 00:13:14.880 align:center line:-1
He'd say: "What? You call that a hand brush?"

00:13:15.040 --> 00:13:17.040 align:center line:-1
"Outrageous!" That sort of thing.

00:13:18.200 --> 00:13:22.360 align:center line:-2
None of the Jews were annoyed with him
because we knew it was pretense.

00:13:22.680 --> 00:13:24.400 align:center line:-1
We laughed ourselves silly.

00:13:24.560 --> 00:13:29.080 align:center line:-2
And when the Nazi was going to leave,
impressed with his tour,

00:13:29.240 --> 00:13:31.240 align:center line:-1
Otto Weidt said to him,

00:13:31.400 --> 00:13:36.320 align:center line:-2
"Would you like some perfume
for your good lady wife?"

00:13:37.840 --> 00:13:41.760 align:center line:-2
And of course he said,
"No, I'm on duty. I can't take that."

00:13:42.520 --> 00:13:46.920 align:center line:-2
But of course afterwards he took it anyway.
It wasn't always perfume.

00:13:47.080 --> 00:13:50.120 align:center line:-2
Sometimes it might be
silk stockings or cognac.

00:13:50.280 --> 00:13:53.960 align:center line:-2
Whatever he received from the Wertheim store
in exchange for his brooms.

00:13:54.120 --> 00:13:59.160 align:center line:-2
That was the wonderful thing.
He had items that he could barter with.

00:13:59.320 --> 00:14:02.080 align:center line:-1
Or, to use the more correct term:

00:14:02.240 --> 00:14:04.560 align:center line:-1
he had something to bribe those swine with.

00:14:04.720 --> 00:14:07.680 align:center line:-2
People didn't refer to them that way.
That's my description.

00:14:08.200 --> 00:14:12.480 align:center line:-2
What was the most dangerous thing
you did during the Nazi period?

00:14:12.640 --> 00:14:14.480 align:center line:-1
What were you most afraid of?

00:14:15.080 --> 00:14:19.360 align:center line:-2
I did a lot of things
that I wasn't allowed to do.

00:14:19.520 --> 00:14:21.440 align:center line:-1
It's true what you said.

00:14:21.600 --> 00:14:25.760 align:center line:-2
In the evenings I sometimes removed
my yellow star and went to the theatre.

00:14:26.000 --> 00:14:27.720 align:center line:-1
The reason was...

00:14:27.880 --> 00:14:31.560 align:center line:-2
At that time we had to live
in so-called "Jewish homes."

00:14:32.000 --> 00:14:34.840 align:center line:-2
We weren't allowed
to live in normal houses anymore,

00:14:35.160 --> 00:14:36.920 align:center line:-1
where non-Jews lived.

00:14:37.080 --> 00:14:40.440 align:center line:-2
We were kicked out
and accommodated in "Jewish homes."

00:14:40.600 --> 00:14:44.400 align:center line:-2
In those homes,
two people had to share just one room.

00:14:45.200 --> 00:14:49.200 align:center line:-2
And we were in an apartment
that had five and a half rooms.

00:14:50.520 --> 00:14:52.160 align:center line:-1
There were 11 of us.

00:14:52.320 --> 00:14:54.920 align:center line:-1
One kitchen, so just one stove.

00:14:55.240 --> 00:14:57.920 align:center line:-1
And one bathroom.

00:14:58.800 --> 00:15:02.240 align:center line:-2
So maybe you can imagine
what it was like there.

00:15:02.560 --> 00:15:05.520 align:center line:-2
Especially in the morning
when everyone had to go to work.

00:15:05.680 --> 00:15:09.560 align:center line:-2
They stood in line, hammering
on the bathroom door: "Get out of there!

00:15:09.720 --> 00:15:13.560 align:center line:-2
We have to be at work punctually
or we'll get arrested!"

00:15:13.720 --> 00:15:15.400 align:center line:-1
That was all true.

00:15:15.560 --> 00:15:18.440 align:center line:-1
So it was a terrible atmosphere.

00:15:18.760 --> 00:15:22.720 align:center line:-2
And the worst thing of all was something
I think everyone can understand.

00:15:22.880 --> 00:15:24.920 align:center line:-1
People were afraid.

00:15:25.160 --> 00:15:29.000 align:center line:-2
You could sense the fear in that apartment
at all times.

00:15:29.520 --> 00:15:33.720 align:center line:-2
Because the deportations had already started:
people were being sent away.

00:15:33.880 --> 00:15:36.400 align:center line:-1
No one knew where, or whose turn was next.

00:15:37.040 --> 00:15:38.640 align:center line:-1
"How are they chosen?"

00:15:38.800 --> 00:15:42.440 align:center line:-2
"What happens in the place where they go?"
Nobody knew.

00:15:42.600 --> 00:15:45.200 align:center line:-1
So of course we were all terribly frightened.

00:15:45.360 --> 00:15:50.600 align:center line:-2
And so it was the case that each one
of us thought, "When will it be my turn?"

00:15:50.760 --> 00:15:54.120 align:center line:-1
In other cases, families were separated.

00:15:54.720 --> 00:15:56.440 align:center line:-1
Like in our case.

00:15:56.600 --> 00:16:00.560 align:center line:-2
My father was in England. He had been able
to get out of Germany at the last minute.

00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:03.200 align:center line:-1
But he couldn't take us with him.

00:16:04.120 --> 00:16:06.400 align:center line:-1
That's how it was for many families.

00:16:06.560 --> 00:16:09.040 align:center line:-1
And, in particular, in many cases

00:16:09.200 --> 00:16:11.480 align:center line:-1
people let their children go.

00:16:11.640 --> 00:16:15.240 align:center line:-2
For example, in November 1938
Britain accepted

00:16:15.560 --> 00:16:18.480 align:center line:-1
10,000, I think, Jewish children.

00:16:18.640 --> 00:16:21.520 align:center line:-2
Without their parents.
Which was a crazy thing.

00:16:21.680 --> 00:16:23.680 align:center line:-1
It was very hard on the children.

00:16:23.840 --> 00:16:27.640 align:center line:-2
In a strange country
with a strange language and strange people.

00:16:27.800 --> 00:16:32.800 align:center line:-2
And the people there put them
in some household or other.

00:16:33.360 --> 00:16:37.040 align:center line:-2
It was really quite awful,
the situation at that time.

00:16:37.200 --> 00:16:40.200 align:center line:-1
Can you imagine that? How the mothers felt?

00:16:40.720 --> 00:16:43.240 align:center line:-2
"Where is my child?
Do they have a good home?

00:16:43.560 --> 00:16:45.920 align:center line:-1
Are they still alive even?"

00:16:46.080 --> 00:16:49.200 align:center line:-2
Thoughts like that
were constantly on their minds.

00:16:49.520 --> 00:16:54.680 align:center line:-2
And then: "What's going to happen?"
The fear: "What should I do?"

00:16:55.120 --> 00:16:58.600 align:center line:-2
You could have cut the fear
in that apartment with a knife.

00:16:58.760 --> 00:17:03.680 align:center line:-2
I couldn't stand that atmosphere and I said
to my mother: "I'm going to the theatre."

00:17:04.000 --> 00:17:06.280 align:center line:-2
She was beside herself
because it was so dangerous.

00:17:06.440 --> 00:17:08.840 align:center line:-1
The theatre, the movies, cafés. What else?

00:17:09.000 --> 00:17:11.800 align:center line:-2
Museums.
We weren't allowed to go to those places.

00:17:12.280 --> 00:17:14.480 align:center line:-1
And so... One moment.

00:17:14.640 --> 00:17:20.560 align:center line:-2
And so I put on my jacket
with the yellow star sewn on to it.

00:17:21.280 --> 00:17:24.440 align:center line:-1
And I carried another bag.

00:17:24.600 --> 00:17:27.560 align:center line:-1
In that one I had a jacket without the star.

00:17:28.400 --> 00:17:32.560 align:center line:-2
And then I walked along until I found...
It was always in the evening.

00:17:32.720 --> 00:17:35.760 align:center line:-2
I walked until I found
the entrance to a courtyard

00:17:35.920 --> 00:17:38.120 align:center line:-1
that was dark, and unlocked of course.

00:17:38.280 --> 00:17:42.880 align:center line:-2
And there I would get changed
out of the one jacket and into the other.

00:17:43.040 --> 00:17:45.720 align:center line:-1
And then I went to the theatre wearing that.

00:17:45.880 --> 00:17:49.920 align:center line:-2
If someone had recognized me,
it might have been the worse for me.

00:17:50.080 --> 00:17:55.480 align:center line:-2
Thankfully, no one did recognize me,
but of course I was taking a huge risk.

00:17:55.960 --> 00:17:59.800 align:center line:-2
But it was so important for me.
It really perked me up again.

00:17:59.960 --> 00:18:04.120 align:center line:-2
For two hours I could escape
from that terrible atmosphere of fear.

00:18:04.280 --> 00:18:09.280 align:center line:-2
And suddenly I was listening to lovely music
or enjoying a good play.

00:18:09.600 --> 00:18:12.720 align:center line:-1
And then of course I had to return home.

00:18:12.880 --> 00:18:18.200 align:center line:-2
I'd change back again somewhere later
because I had to come home wearing the star.

00:18:18.360 --> 00:18:23.680 align:center line:-2
If someone had seen me returning to the house
without it, there would have been trouble.

00:18:23.840 --> 00:18:27.120 align:center line:-2
And then my mother
got quite excited about the idea.

00:18:27.280 --> 00:18:32.440 align:center line:-2
And to this day I am still very proud
of the fact I was able to persuade her

00:18:32.600 --> 00:18:36.160 align:center line:-2
to come not to the theatre,
but to the Grunewald forest.

00:18:36.320 --> 00:18:39.200 align:center line:-1
We were forbidden from visiting green spaces.

00:18:39.360 --> 00:18:43.120 align:center line:-2
We weren't allowed to walk over a space
where bushes were growing.

00:18:43.280 --> 00:18:48.680 align:center line:-2
The things they came up with... Of course
it was men who thought those things up...

00:18:49.000 --> 00:18:52.720 align:center line:-2
After the war I'd like to have given them
a piece of my mind, but they escaped.

00:18:52.880 --> 00:18:56.720 align:center line:-2
I don't know where they ended up.
They were probably still in the army.

00:18:56.880 --> 00:18:59.280 align:center line:-1
In any case, that's how it was

00:18:59.440 --> 00:19:01.760 align:center line:-1
and that's how I got a few hours

00:19:02.000 --> 00:19:04.840 align:center line:-1
of... happiness and calm

00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:07.520 align:center line:-1
and relaxation.

00:19:07.720 --> 00:19:10.280 align:center line:-1
There were a lot of anti-Jewish laws.

00:19:10.440 --> 00:19:13.840 align:center line:-2
If someone broke one of those laws
intentionally or by accident,

00:19:14.000 --> 00:19:17.120 align:center line:-2
like walking across a green space
when you didn't know yet...

00:19:17.280 --> 00:19:19.600 align:center line:-1
What would happen if you got caught?

00:19:19.840 --> 00:19:23.320 align:center line:-2
You'd simply be arrested
and taken to a concentration camp.

00:19:23.880 --> 00:19:26.880 align:center line:-2
Immediately?
- There was nothing to be done.

00:19:27.040 --> 00:19:31.040 align:center line:-2
You had broken the law
and so that was that, you know?

00:19:32.600 --> 00:19:36.720 align:center line:-2
Nina.
- When did you know the camps had been built?

00:19:37.200 --> 00:19:38.680 align:center line:-1
1933.

00:19:39.040 --> 00:19:44.760 align:center line:-2
The Nazis built the first concentration camps
as early as 1933.

00:19:44.920 --> 00:19:49.360 align:center line:-2
The first one was in Dachau.
They even reported on it in the newspapers.

00:19:49.520 --> 00:19:53.800 align:center line:-2
They let everybody know
that they had built this kind of camp

00:19:54.120 --> 00:19:58.040 align:center line:-2
in order to "re-educate" anyone
who refused to become a Nazi.

00:19:58.200 --> 00:20:01.720 align:center line:-2
And awful things
were already happening there then.

00:20:01.880 --> 00:20:04.600 align:center line:-1
People were being terribly mistreated.

00:20:04.760 --> 00:20:08.240 align:center line:-2
Some of them came back out.
Some of them died where they were.

00:20:08.560 --> 00:20:13.280 align:center line:-2
Or they were given the option of emigrating
and permitted to leave the country.

00:20:13.600 --> 00:20:16.360 align:center line:-1
But from that moment on, in 1933...

00:20:16.520 --> 00:20:21.040 align:center line:-2
I think it was reported in the news
in March of that year

00:20:21.200 --> 00:20:23.480 align:center line:-1
that the camp had been built.

00:20:23.640 --> 00:20:27.800 align:center line:-2
And from that point on
they kept building new ones. You know?

00:20:29.040 --> 00:20:32.280 align:center line:-1
Did you always have a guilty conscience

00:20:32.440 --> 00:20:35.200 align:center line:-1
when you didn't wear the yellow star?

00:20:35.880 --> 00:20:39.160 align:center line:-2
What do you mean? Why a guilty conscience?
- Well...

00:20:39.480 --> 00:20:42.240 align:center line:-1
I mean... Did you feel afraid? And...

00:20:42.400 --> 00:20:46.120 align:center line:-2
Yeah.
- It's a funny thing. Was I afraid?

00:20:46.280 --> 00:20:50.320 align:center line:-2
I say that I didn't feel afraid.
But that can't really be true.

00:20:50.480 --> 00:20:56.000 align:center line:-2
I was afraid.
Of course I was afraid from 1933 onwards.

00:20:56.160 --> 00:21:00.480 align:center line:-2
At first I was always afraid for my dad.
He fought against the Nazis.

00:21:00.640 --> 00:21:05.520 align:center line:-2
He would come home very late in the evenings
from meetings and anti-Nazi demonstrations.

00:21:05.680 --> 00:21:08.520 align:center line:-2
I would lie in bed,
listening out for him to come home.

00:21:08.680 --> 00:21:11.000 align:center line:-1
What was far worse, I also listened

00:21:11.160 --> 00:21:14.080 align:center line:-1
for the sound of boots coming up the stairs.

00:21:14.240 --> 00:21:16.320 align:center line:-1
Then it would be SA men.

00:21:16.480 --> 00:21:20.520 align:center line:-2
They were those Nazi thugs,
those criminals...

00:21:20.680 --> 00:21:24.520 align:center line:-2
What do you call them? Soldiers?
- We know about the SA.

00:21:24.680 --> 00:21:27.120 align:center line:-1
From that point on, I was afraid.

00:21:27.280 --> 00:21:31.120 align:center line:-2
Although I would say
that that fear was subconscious.

00:21:31.560 --> 00:21:36.600 align:center line:-2
The way I always explain it
is that that fear manifested itself

00:21:37.400 --> 00:21:40.800 align:center line:-1
in the way I reacted to things very quickly.

00:21:40.960 --> 00:21:45.320 align:center line:-2
When something happened...
And I'm the same to this day.

00:21:45.480 --> 00:21:48.600 align:center line:-2
I reacted to things more quickly
than the others.

00:21:48.760 --> 00:21:51.760 align:center line:-1
That was something that fear created.

00:21:51.920 --> 00:21:54.520 align:center line:-2
I don't know if I'm explaining it right.
- Yes.

00:21:54.680 --> 00:21:56.840 align:center line:-1
That's how it was, living in fear.

00:21:57.920 --> 00:22:00.400 align:center line:-1
How did you feel about the middle name Sara?

00:22:01.080 --> 00:22:05.360 align:center line:-2
I was forced to have the middle name Sara.
"Ingeborg Sara Deutschkron."

00:22:05.520 --> 00:22:09.920 align:center line:-2
I had to sign my name that way,
introduce myself that way, and so on.

00:22:10.240 --> 00:22:14.640 align:center line:-2
I always said that I was proud
to bear that name, you know? Sure!

00:22:14.960 --> 00:22:18.760 align:center line:-2
By the way, there were people...
This is quite funny.

00:22:18.920 --> 00:22:22.600 align:center line:-2
When the yellow star was introduced
as something we had to wear

00:22:22.760 --> 00:22:27.360 align:center line:-2
on our outer clothing...
"Firmly affixed," that's what it said...

00:22:27.520 --> 00:22:31.440 align:center line:-2
the Jews said, "Wonderful!
That's a badge of honor.

00:22:31.840 --> 00:22:34.520 align:center line:-1
The only badge that Hermann Göring..."

00:22:34.680 --> 00:22:37.600 align:center line:-2
He was one of the top Nazis...
"The only one he can't wear."

00:22:39.320 --> 00:22:43.120 align:center line:-2
He had a lot of badges.
That was his big hobby, you know?

00:22:43.440 --> 00:22:47.240 align:center line:-2
That was the only badge he didn't have.
The Jews joked about that.

00:22:47.880 --> 00:22:49.520 align:center line:-2
So...
- Pia.

00:22:49.680 --> 00:22:52.760 align:center line:-1
How did your parents deal with being Jewish?

00:22:53.120 --> 00:22:56.040 align:center line:-1
First of all I would like to say:

00:22:56.200 --> 00:23:00.120 align:center line:-2
in our family there was nothing
about Judaism before the Nazis came.

00:23:00.280 --> 00:23:03.960 align:center line:-2
When I was a child
we used to have a Christmas tree.

00:23:04.120 --> 00:23:08.760 align:center line:-2
And I had Easter eggs, which my mother
would hide and forget where they were.

00:23:09.720 --> 00:23:11.200 align:center line:-2
What?
- That still happens.

00:23:11.360 --> 00:23:13.520 align:center line:-1
Yes, I know. And...

00:23:13.680 --> 00:23:18.240 align:center line:-2
And we didn't celebrate
any of the Jewish holidays or anything.

00:23:18.400 --> 00:23:23.000 align:center line:-1
And then it happened that in April 1933,

00:23:23.160 --> 00:23:26.440 align:center line:-1
when the Nazis were in power,

00:23:26.600 --> 00:23:28.720 align:center line:-1
I went to school

00:23:28.880 --> 00:23:31.960 align:center line:-1
and they said, "This kid is Jewish,"

00:23:32.120 --> 00:23:35.400 align:center line:-2
and so for the first time
my mother told me that I was Jewish.

00:23:36.320 --> 00:23:40.560 align:center line:-2
She said to me,
"My child, you now belong to a minority.

00:23:40.880 --> 00:23:44.320 align:center line:-2
That does not mean that you are worse
than the other children.

00:23:44.480 --> 00:23:46.760 align:center line:-1
But I will tell you one thing:

00:23:46.920 --> 00:23:50.440 align:center line:-2
Do not put up with any nonsense.
Defend yourself."

00:23:50.760 --> 00:23:54.880 align:center line:-2
I still do that today. That sentence
became an important part of my life.

00:23:56.080 --> 00:24:00.600 align:center line:-2
But the idea of being proud of Judaism...
We were just people.

00:24:01.040 --> 00:24:05.080 align:center line:-2
We weren't interested in religion,
and I'm still not interested now.

00:24:05.400 --> 00:24:09.800 align:center line:-2
What was it like the first time you went out
in public wearing the yellow star?

00:24:10.120 --> 00:24:11.720 align:center line:-1
The star?

00:24:11.880 --> 00:24:14.800 align:center line:-2
I held my head up high.
Or my nose, if you like.

00:24:14.960 --> 00:24:19.800 align:center line:-2
There was no other way for me to do it.
I just walked like this. Proudly.

00:24:20.120 --> 00:24:22.800 align:center line:-2
What items of clothing
did you sew the star on?

00:24:23.120 --> 00:24:28.440 align:center line:-2
First of all on the item of clothing
that you always wore outside.

00:24:28.760 --> 00:24:30.640 align:center line:-1
The outermost layer.

00:24:30.800 --> 00:24:33.640 align:center line:-1
So in winter on your coat, of course.

00:24:34.200 --> 00:24:35.680 align:center line:-1
Your winter coat.

00:24:35.840 --> 00:24:39.280 align:center line:-2
And in the summer you sewed it
on your summer dress.

00:24:40.360 --> 00:24:44.800 align:center line:-2
We got four of them.
They cost ten pfennigs each. I remember that.

00:24:45.120 --> 00:24:50.240 align:center line:-2
And we would swap them about
or try to get new ones from somewhere.

00:24:50.400 --> 00:24:52.560 align:center line:-1
The Jewish community had supplies.

00:24:52.880 --> 00:24:55.320 align:center line:-1
And then we sewed them on.

00:24:55.760 --> 00:24:59.760 align:center line:-2
During your time with Otto Weidt
would you rather have been with your father?

00:25:00.120 --> 00:25:02.400 align:center line:-1
Well, of course I would have.

00:25:02.560 --> 00:25:06.560 align:center line:-2
My mother and I desperately wanted
to be with my father again.

00:25:06.720 --> 00:25:09.080 align:center line:-1
And we didn't receive mail from him.

00:25:09.240 --> 00:25:13.240 align:center line:-2
You have to know that during wartime
there was no mail.

00:25:13.400 --> 00:25:17.480 align:center line:-2
And all we received...
I think that it was once a month.

00:25:17.640 --> 00:25:21.640 align:center line:-2
Once a month we got a letter
from the Red Cross.

00:25:21.800 --> 00:25:25.680 align:center line:-2
It was a piece of paper
where you were allowed to write 25 words

00:25:25.840 --> 00:25:30.040 align:center line:-2
to your immediate relatives,
and to nobody else.

00:25:30.360 --> 00:25:33.720 align:center line:-2
And he would answer with 25 words
on the same paper.

00:25:33.880 --> 00:25:36.560 align:center line:-1
After we went into hiding that stopped.

00:25:36.880 --> 00:25:39.520 align:center line:-1
We didn't know whether he was alive.

00:25:39.680 --> 00:25:44.200 align:center line:-2
Had he survived the air raids?
The Germans bombed England too, of course.

00:25:44.800 --> 00:25:49.400 align:center line:-2
And later on we found out that his house
had actually been bombed.

00:25:49.560 --> 00:25:54.520 align:center line:-2
So of course he could also have been
suffering because of the war. Yes?

00:25:54.840 --> 00:25:56.320 align:center line:-1
Ms. Weber.

00:25:56.480 --> 00:26:01.000 align:center line:-2
Could you tell us something
about your time living in Berlin illegally?

00:26:01.320 --> 00:26:05.760 align:center line:-2
I'll try to keep it short
or you'll still be sitting here tomorrow.

00:26:05.920 --> 00:26:08.960 align:center line:-1
The idea of hiding ourselves

00:26:09.320 --> 00:26:13.000 align:center line:-2
came, in our case,
from a very ordinary woman

00:26:13.160 --> 00:26:15.640 align:center line:-1
who used to wash our laundry.

00:26:16.080 --> 00:26:18.720 align:center line:-1
She had a shop, a laundry.

00:26:18.920 --> 00:26:21.760 align:center line:-2
A laundry and a clothes press,
as we called it back then.

00:26:22.080 --> 00:26:24.800 align:center line:-1
With a wringer and a flat iron.

00:26:24.960 --> 00:26:29.760 align:center line:-2
One day this woman came to our house
and said to my mother...

00:26:29.920 --> 00:26:31.560 align:center line:-1
It's a nice story.

00:26:31.720 --> 00:26:35.000 align:center line:-2
"Mrs. Deutschkron,
you have to promise me something."

00:26:35.320 --> 00:26:39.200 align:center line:-2
My mom: "What should I promise you?"
"Not going to tell you!"

00:26:39.640 --> 00:26:44.240 align:center line:-2
"I can't promise you something
if I don't know what it is."

00:26:44.400 --> 00:26:49.120 align:center line:-2
"Yes, but you have to.
Otherwise you might not want to promise it."

00:26:50.280 --> 00:26:54.920 align:center line:-2
My mother said, "All right, I promise.
Now what have I promised to do?"

00:26:55.320 --> 00:26:57.960 align:center line:-2
And the woman said,
"You have promised me

00:26:58.120 --> 00:27:01.760 align:center line:-2
that you and Inge
will not allow yourselves to be deported."

00:27:02.400 --> 00:27:04.880 align:center line:-2
And my mother:
"Well, goodness me!"

00:27:05.040 --> 00:27:07.960 align:center line:-2
The deportations had already started
by that time.

00:27:08.120 --> 00:27:12.280 align:center line:-2
People were being transported east
and nobody knew where.

00:27:12.880 --> 00:27:17.200 align:center line:-2
And my mother said, "What do you mean?
What are we supposed to do?"

00:27:17.360 --> 00:27:21.880 align:center line:-2
And then she told us that her neighbors' son,
a German soldier,

00:27:22.040 --> 00:27:24.400 align:center line:-1
had been in Poland and had seen

00:27:24.640 --> 00:27:26.920 align:center line:-1
what they were doing to the Jews.

00:27:27.080 --> 00:27:29.320 align:center line:-1
And my mother said, "Tell me."

00:27:29.480 --> 00:27:31.720 align:center line:-1
And so then she started telling us.

00:27:31.880 --> 00:27:34.360 align:center line:-1
She said, "They're killing them all,"

00:27:34.520 --> 00:27:37.160 align:center line:-1
and she started to cry, and she said,

00:27:37.480 --> 00:27:39.960 align:center line:-1
"Please, you just promised me

00:27:40.120 --> 00:27:42.880 align:center line:-1
that you won't let yourselves get deported.

00:27:43.040 --> 00:27:47.160 align:center line:-2
My husband and I have already decided:
you'll stay with us."

00:27:47.320 --> 00:27:50.240 align:center line:-2
So that was the first thing,
and then my mother thought:

00:27:50.400 --> 00:27:53.960 align:center line:-2
"Well, it's not actually that easy
to go into hiding."

00:27:54.120 --> 00:27:59.200 align:center line:-2
And so then we went to see
one of my father's oldest friends.

00:27:59.360 --> 00:28:03.560 align:center line:-2
He used to be the mayor
of the Prenzlauer Berg borough, right here.

00:28:03.720 --> 00:28:06.400 align:center line:-1
And we told him about the woman's idea.

00:28:06.560 --> 00:28:10.560 align:center line:-2
He jumped up, totally unexpectedly,
and said, "A magnificent idea!

00:28:10.720 --> 00:28:14.400 align:center line:-2
We'll do that too.
And I know other people who would join in."

00:28:14.560 --> 00:28:18.000 align:center line:-2
That was the moment my mother said,
"Okay, we'll do it..."

00:28:18.320 --> 00:28:21.360 align:center line:-2
Well, she won't have said "Okay."
We didn't say that back then.

00:28:21.680 --> 00:28:23.800 align:center line:-1
So she said, "We'll do it!"

00:28:23.960 --> 00:28:25.840 align:center line:-1
So we got everything ready.

00:28:26.000 --> 00:28:30.000 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt had our things collected for us,
the things we wanted to keep.

00:28:30.320 --> 00:28:34.200 align:center line:-2
We tried to take as little as possible
into our new, illegal home.

00:28:34.760 --> 00:28:39.000 align:center line:-2
We didn't know how much space we would have,
or how it even worked.

00:28:39.160 --> 00:28:42.120 align:center line:-1
We went into hiding without knowing

00:28:42.280 --> 00:28:45.200 align:center line:-1
anything about what it would be like.

00:28:45.360 --> 00:28:49.080 align:center line:-2
Or how long it would be,
which was one of the biggest questions.

00:28:49.560 --> 00:28:53.240 align:center line:-2
Or how we would eat,
as we didn't have ration coupons, of course.

00:28:53.400 --> 00:28:55.640 align:center line:-1
So it was quite difficult.

00:28:55.800 --> 00:28:59.960 align:center line:-2
And in particular, could we stay living
with one person the whole time?

00:29:00.120 --> 00:29:04.000 align:center line:-2
Of course that wasn't possible.
We realized that very quickly.

00:29:04.560 --> 00:29:08.280 align:center line:-2
A neighbor came and said,
"Oh, you have a visitor! Who is that?"

00:29:08.440 --> 00:29:10.720 align:center line:-1
Berliners are quite nosy.

00:29:11.680 --> 00:29:16.000 align:center line:-2
And so Mrs. Gumz said,
"They're my relatives from Pomerania."

00:29:16.320 --> 00:29:21.320 align:center line:-2
And then Mrs. Gumz, the laundrywoman, said,
"Oh, you're going to have to leave!

00:29:21.480 --> 00:29:26.640 align:center line:-2
You never know. Her husband's in the NSDAP."
That's the Nazi Party. "You have to leave."

00:29:26.800 --> 00:29:30.600 align:center line:-2
And that happened to us lots of times:
something would happen

00:29:30.760 --> 00:29:34.400 align:center line:-2
and at some point the people would say,
"You have to leave."

00:29:34.560 --> 00:29:38.160 align:center line:-2
And it usually happened
from one moment to the next.

00:29:38.320 --> 00:29:41.080 align:center line:-2
Often we didn't know in the morning
where we would spend that night.

00:29:41.400 --> 00:29:46.960 align:center line:-2
Women were much more active
in this work of hiding us and helping us.

00:29:47.120 --> 00:29:50.200 align:center line:-1
Of course, very many men were on the front.

00:29:50.360 --> 00:29:56.480 align:center line:-2
But 70 percent of the people who helped us
were women, and that's something, isn't it?

00:29:56.640 --> 00:30:00.200 align:center line:-2
In any case, they'd make a decision
and tell us where to go.

00:30:00.360 --> 00:30:02.800 align:center line:-1
We'd sleep on the ground one night

00:30:03.120 --> 00:30:06.280 align:center line:-2
until someone came and said,
"Tonight you'll go there."

00:30:07.080 --> 00:30:09.120 align:center line:-1
And it went on that way.

00:30:09.280 --> 00:30:12.080 align:center line:-1
I think I'm not wrong in saying

00:30:12.400 --> 00:30:15.720 align:center line:-2
that we were
in eleven different hiding places.

00:30:16.040 --> 00:30:18.560 align:center line:-1
The last place was the most practical one.

00:30:18.880 --> 00:30:21.960 align:center line:-1
It was a former goat shed in Potsdam.

00:30:22.120 --> 00:30:26.240 align:center line:-2
It was so wonderful because
it wasn't actually fit for human habitation.

00:30:26.560 --> 00:30:31.440 align:center line:-2
That meant it wasn't listed
in any housing association registers.

00:30:31.840 --> 00:30:35.160 align:center line:-1
However, it didn't have a toilet, of course.

00:30:35.320 --> 00:30:37.320 align:center line:-1
And no heating.

00:30:37.480 --> 00:30:41.920 align:center line:-2
In the winter it was... I can't describe it.
Terrible, you know?

00:30:42.080 --> 00:30:47.680 align:center line:-2
The cooking stove was made of bricks
and that didn't give off any heat.

00:30:48.000 --> 00:30:53.080 align:center line:-2
And we needed dry wood in order to cook.
I learned a lot of new things in Potsdam.

00:30:53.400 --> 00:30:57.680 align:center line:-2
And we gathered mushrooms.
That was the best thing about Potsdam.

00:30:57.840 --> 00:31:01.720 align:center line:-2
Right? The mushrooms.
And they are very nutritious.

00:31:01.880 --> 00:31:06.480 align:center line:-2
We ate all the mushrooms we could get.
But they're only available in the autumn.

00:31:06.920 --> 00:31:10.800 align:center line:-2
So that was the goat shed.
Most importantly, no one knew who we were.

00:31:10.960 --> 00:31:15.840 align:center line:-2
In the settlement there we were known as...
had been made known as...

00:31:16.000 --> 00:31:19.840 align:center line:-2
Friends of ours told them
that we were bombed-out Berliners.

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.560 align:center line:-2
My mother was "Mrs. Richter,"
and I was "Inge Elisabeth Marie Richter."

00:31:24.720 --> 00:31:28.880 align:center line:-2
And so people brought us furniture,
so we had somewhere to sleep

00:31:29.040 --> 00:31:30.800 align:center line:-1
and a cupboard and so on.

00:31:31.120 --> 00:31:36.360 align:center line:-2
They were a big help to the Richters,
without knowing who they really were.

00:31:36.520 --> 00:31:40.920 align:center line:-2
And every day we went to Berlin
at seven o'clock in the morning

00:31:41.760 --> 00:31:43.800 align:center line:-1
because we said we had jobs.

00:31:44.120 --> 00:31:48.880 align:center line:-2
And then we would come back in the afternoon
and go to our goat shed.

00:31:49.040 --> 00:31:52.640 align:center line:-2
It was great. It's still there, by the way.
You can visit it.

00:31:54.000 --> 00:31:56.000 align:center line:-1
How did it feel after the war

00:31:56.400 --> 00:31:58.440 align:center line:-1
being among all those people

00:31:58.600 --> 00:32:02.560 align:center line:-2
who just beforehand
had been insulting the Jews?

00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:08.080 align:center line:-2
Of course, most of them said,
"Me? I was never a Nazi."

00:32:08.240 --> 00:32:11.160 align:center line:-1
Or they might say, "Yes, I was in the Party

00:32:11.320 --> 00:32:14.440 align:center line:-1
but only to prevent the worst of it."

00:32:14.600 --> 00:32:18.160 align:center line:-2
Others said it was for the sake
of their career. Stuff like that.

00:32:18.480 --> 00:32:20.680 align:center line:-1
"But I was never a Nazi."

00:32:20.840 --> 00:32:23.800 align:center line:-2
How strange that was!
I used to say, as a joke:

00:32:24.120 --> 00:32:28.360 align:center line:-2
"One might get the impression
the NSDAP was a party of resistance."

00:32:28.880 --> 00:32:33.120 align:center line:-2
Based on the reactions
that I was hearing from people at that time.

00:32:33.280 --> 00:32:35.400 align:center line:-1
But think about it this way:

00:32:35.560 --> 00:32:38.400 align:center line:-1
after the war, most of the people in Berlin

00:32:38.560 --> 00:32:40.640 align:center line:-1
were women.

00:32:40.960 --> 00:32:46.840 align:center line:-2
Most of the men were still on the front
or in prisoner-of-war camps.

00:32:47.160 --> 00:32:50.280 align:center line:-2
And in many cases
the women, with their children,

00:32:50.440 --> 00:32:55.160 align:center line:-2
had nowhere to live or just a badly damaged
apartment. Usually at the top, fifth floor.

00:32:55.480 --> 00:32:59.960 align:center line:-2
Those rooms were the first to catch fire
during the air raids.

00:33:00.120 --> 00:33:05.880 align:center line:-2
They were called "sparrow's nests,"
those apartments high up in the building.

00:33:06.040 --> 00:33:11.520 align:center line:-2
And those women actually went
and collected building materials and tools

00:33:11.680 --> 00:33:14.240 align:center line:-1
from other ruined buildings.

00:33:14.400 --> 00:33:18.520 align:center line:-2
They used a handcart
to transport pieces of wood,

00:33:18.680 --> 00:33:21.240 align:center line:-1
anything they could get hold of,

00:33:21.400 --> 00:33:25.880 align:center line:-2
and then they tried to build themselves
somewhere decent to live up there.

00:33:26.040 --> 00:33:28.400 align:center line:-1
The most pressing issue was food.

00:33:28.560 --> 00:33:32.680 align:center line:-2
There was nothing to eat.
And the Russians didn't exactly feed us.

00:33:32.840 --> 00:33:37.000 align:center line:-2
So all that means
that the women worked like crazy.

00:33:37.440 --> 00:33:40.600 align:center line:-2
And thinking about politics
at a time like that...

00:33:40.760 --> 00:33:43.600 align:center line:-1
It's clear that wasn't going to happen.

00:33:43.760 --> 00:33:46.560 align:center line:-1
Or in most cases that wouldn't happen.

00:33:46.880 --> 00:33:50.280 align:center line:-2
Were there any days during the war
when you weren't afraid?

00:33:50.840 --> 00:33:54.040 align:center line:-1
No. I explained how fear affected me earlier.

00:33:54.200 --> 00:33:57.320 align:center line:-2
In many ways
the fear I felt was subconscious.

00:33:57.480 --> 00:34:01.520 align:center line:-1
But we were in constant danger

00:34:01.840 --> 00:34:05.240 align:center line:-2
of being caught,
and all kinds of things happened.

00:34:05.400 --> 00:34:08.320 align:center line:-1
I know of people living illegally

00:34:08.480 --> 00:34:11.560 align:center line:-1
who were recognized by spies.

00:34:11.880 --> 00:34:15.000 align:center line:-2
They were arrested
and taken to concentration camps.

00:34:15.160 --> 00:34:18.280 align:center line:-2
Many things could have happened.
Others got shot.

00:34:18.440 --> 00:34:21.400 align:center line:-1
And other people were killed in air raids.

00:34:21.560 --> 00:34:25.320 align:center line:-1
There were plenty of reasons to be afraid,

00:34:25.480 --> 00:34:27.920 align:center line:-1
so it was a natural feeling to have.

00:34:29.280 --> 00:34:33.200 align:center line:-2
Did you believe that Jews
could be identified by their left ear?

00:34:35.680 --> 00:34:37.040 align:center line:-1
No.

00:34:37.200 --> 00:34:39.600 align:center line:-1
Well, I do remember

00:34:39.760 --> 00:34:42.920 align:center line:-1
that after that one particular meeting

00:34:43.240 --> 00:34:48.280 align:center line:-2
I was traveling on the train and I really did
check out other people's ears.

00:34:48.720 --> 00:34:51.200 align:center line:-1
But I didn't notice any differences.

00:34:51.360 --> 00:34:53.920 align:center line:-1
And so that was quickly dealt with.

00:34:55.480 --> 00:34:59.400 align:center line:-2
Did you ever wish you could
stop being Jewish and just be...

00:34:59.840 --> 00:35:01.920 align:center line:-1
an ordinary person?

00:35:02.240 --> 00:35:05.480 align:center line:-1
No. What would have been the point?

00:35:06.160 --> 00:35:09.440 align:center line:-2
I thought:
That's my fate and I must accept it.

00:35:09.880 --> 00:35:13.960 align:center line:-2
My mother is Jewish and my father is Jewish
and that's just how it is.

00:35:14.120 --> 00:35:17.040 align:center line:-1
We are not worse people than anybody else.

00:35:17.360 --> 00:35:21.360 align:center line:-2
Or rather, there are bad people
who are Jewish and bad people who aren't.

00:35:21.680 --> 00:35:25.280 align:center line:-2
It's the same everywhere, so...
It just wouldn't do any good.

00:35:25.600 --> 00:35:29.000 align:center line:-2
Why should I wish to be something else?
What, for example?

00:35:29.320 --> 00:35:30.720 align:center line:-1
Sophie.

00:35:31.440 --> 00:35:34.720 align:center line:-2
When you were hiding,
did you remain there the whole time,

00:35:34.880 --> 00:35:36.920 align:center line:-1
or what else did you do?

00:35:37.080 --> 00:35:40.240 align:center line:-1
I worked the whole time.

00:35:40.560 --> 00:35:46.480 align:center line:-2
Part of the time I worked in this workshop,
as long as Otto Weidt could keep it up.

00:35:46.640 --> 00:35:49.560 align:center line:-1
Most of his workers were deported.

00:35:49.720 --> 00:35:53.200 align:center line:-2
You know the story.
Most of them went to concentration camps.

00:35:54.160 --> 00:35:56.960 align:center line:-2
Then he didn't have enough work for me,
and he said,

00:35:57.120 --> 00:36:01.400 align:center line:-2
"You can stay but if you find something else,
then go there

00:36:01.720 --> 00:36:03.040 align:center line:-1
and take it."

00:36:03.200 --> 00:36:07.280 align:center line:-2
And I had a friend, the wife
of that borough mayor I mentioned,

00:36:07.440 --> 00:36:10.080 align:center line:-1
who had a stationery store in Halensee.

00:36:10.240 --> 00:36:15.440 align:center line:-2
And she said to me, "You know,
you could work for me in the store here."

00:36:15.920 --> 00:36:18.760 align:center line:-1
I said, "Have you gone crazy?

00:36:18.920 --> 00:36:24.480 align:center line:-2
I'm a Jew, living here illegally.
You want me to stand there and serve people?"

00:36:24.640 --> 00:36:27.120 align:center line:-1
"Well, yes," she said. "Why not?

00:36:27.280 --> 00:36:30.600 align:center line:-2
Nobody knows who you are.
You're my friend Inge.

00:36:30.760 --> 00:36:32.560 align:center line:-1
And that's that."

00:36:33.240 --> 00:36:36.600 align:center line:-2
At first I was very uncertain
if that would even work.

00:36:36.760 --> 00:36:40.400 align:center line:-2
I felt like I should stay where I was.
She helped me a lot at first.

00:36:40.720 --> 00:36:43.040 align:center line:-1
I had to know all the prices.

00:36:43.200 --> 00:36:48.120 align:center line:-2
And we had a lending library, so I had
to know about the books I was recommending.

00:36:48.280 --> 00:36:51.240 align:center line:-2
So we did that together,
then one day she said,

00:36:51.400 --> 00:36:53.600 align:center line:-1
"Right, I'm going to leave Berlin."

00:36:53.920 --> 00:36:58.400 align:center line:-2
And she only came by once a week.
To pick up the money, basically.

00:36:58.560 --> 00:37:04.400 align:center line:-2
In the meantime I was versed in it.
I had been making purchases, buying things.

00:37:05.400 --> 00:37:10.080 align:center line:-2
From the bulk supplier. I'd been selling
books and lending out the library books.

00:37:10.240 --> 00:37:12.880 align:center line:-2
And nobody knew who I was.
I was "Miss Inge."

00:37:13.280 --> 00:37:15.960 align:center line:-1
And it was wonderful there, in that store.

00:37:16.120 --> 00:37:19.520 align:center line:-1
Because there were other shops close by.

00:37:19.840 --> 00:37:22.240 align:center line:-1
There was the dairy next door.

00:37:22.400 --> 00:37:25.680 align:center line:-1
And the greengrocer's and so on.

00:37:26.000 --> 00:37:29.840 align:center line:-2
I'd say, "I'm on my own here all day.
Could you bring me something?"

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.040 align:center line:-2
And so they would bring me
milk, vegetables, and so on.

00:37:34.200 --> 00:37:38.600 align:center line:-2
They never expected to see a ration coupon
from me. After all, I had none.

00:37:38.760 --> 00:37:41.920 align:center line:-1
They simply brought those things to me.

00:37:42.080 --> 00:37:44.360 align:center line:-1
So the store was extremely important.

00:37:44.520 --> 00:37:46.880 align:center line:-1
But in the end I had to leave.

00:37:47.800 --> 00:37:50.080 align:center position:51% line:-1
Alice's escape...

00:37:51.320 --> 00:37:53.160 align:center line:-1
How did it really happen?

00:37:53.480 --> 00:37:58.080 align:center line:-2
A postcard arrived here.
You can see it in the exhibition here.

00:37:58.240 --> 00:38:01.920 align:center line:-2
Those cards are all from Theresienstadt,
from people

00:38:02.080 --> 00:38:05.320 align:center line:-1
who are thanking Otto Weidt for food parcels

00:38:05.920 --> 00:38:08.320 align:center line:-1
that he had sent, and confirming receipt.

00:38:09.280 --> 00:38:12.600 align:center line:-2
That was possible,
and I always get quite angry about the fact

00:38:12.760 --> 00:38:15.920 align:center line:-2
that Otto Weidt was
the only German who did that.

00:38:16.080 --> 00:38:21.080 align:center line:-2
Every month he sent parcels to his people
in Theresienstadt concentration camp.

00:38:21.240 --> 00:38:25.240 align:center line:-2
They contained dry bread,
dried vegetables and other dried things

00:38:25.400 --> 00:38:27.440 align:center line:-1
that they could eat.

00:38:27.760 --> 00:38:33.480 align:center line:-2
The people were incredibly grateful for that
and they showed it in those postcards.

00:38:33.640 --> 00:38:37.160 align:center line:-2
Some of those postcards
contain cryptic messages

00:38:37.320 --> 00:38:39.880 align:center line:-1
about what they urgently needed.

00:38:40.040 --> 00:38:42.640 align:center line:-1
For example, one of the postcards says:

00:38:42.800 --> 00:38:46.960 align:center line:-2
"To Otto Weidt,
Potato Wholesaler, Rosenthaler Strasse."

00:38:47.320 --> 00:38:50.240 align:center line:-2
Why "Potato Wholesaler"?
Do you understand that?

00:38:50.400 --> 00:38:54.000 align:center line:-2
Because they needed potatoes
in Theresienstadt.

00:38:54.320 --> 00:38:56.440 align:center line:-1
Or another one said...

00:38:57.840 --> 00:39:01.000 align:center line:-1
"Say hello to my friends the Wittlers."

00:39:02.000 --> 00:39:06.560 align:center line:-2
Who knows who Wittler is?
We sat here and then I realized what it was.

00:39:06.720 --> 00:39:09.960 align:center line:-2
I said, "Wittler?"
Only old people know what that is.

00:39:10.280 --> 00:39:14.560 align:center line:-2
Wittler was the biggest bread supplier
in Berlin at that time.

00:39:14.880 --> 00:39:20.120 align:center line:-2
They tried to communicate what they needed,
and then Otto Weidt sent it to them.

00:39:20.280 --> 00:39:25.880 align:center line:-2
Over the course of time he sent
150 such packages to Theresienstadt.

00:39:26.040 --> 00:39:29.400 align:center line:-2
Isn't that wonderful?
What was the question actually?

00:39:29.720 --> 00:39:32.600 align:center line:-2
How did Alice escape?
- Oh, yes! Sorry. Yes!

00:39:32.920 --> 00:39:35.920 align:center line:-1
One day a different kind of card arrived.

00:39:36.440 --> 00:39:40.040 align:center line:-2
And this card,
which you can also see in the museum,

00:39:40.360 --> 00:39:41.960 align:center line:-1
said the following:

00:39:42.120 --> 00:39:45.440 align:center line:-2
"We have been put on a train
traveling from Theresienstadt

00:39:45.600 --> 00:39:49.200 align:center line:-1
that is taking us to Birkenau."

00:39:49.640 --> 00:39:52.120 align:center line:-1
Birkenau was a part of Auschwitz.

00:39:52.280 --> 00:39:54.640 align:center line:-1
"Don't worry about us," etc.

00:39:54.800 --> 00:39:57.960 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt jumped up:
"For the love of God!

00:39:58.120 --> 00:40:01.720 align:center line:-2
I can't let her perish there.
She's in Auschwitz!

00:40:02.440 --> 00:40:06.480 align:center line:-2
I'm going there."
I remember I said, "You're crazy." Right?

00:40:06.800 --> 00:40:08.560 align:center line:-1
But he said he'd go.

00:40:08.720 --> 00:40:11.920 align:center line:-2
And so he wrote
to the concentration camp commandant.

00:40:13.000 --> 00:40:16.320 align:center line:-1
You can see that letter here in the museum.

00:40:16.640 --> 00:40:21.960 align:center line:-2
He wrote that he was a manufacturer
of brooms and brushes

00:40:22.360 --> 00:40:27.200 align:center line:-2
and that he supplied the German army
and other camps...

00:40:27.520 --> 00:40:29.920 align:center line:-1
That wasn't true, but never mind.

00:40:30.080 --> 00:40:34.760 align:center line:-2
He wrote that he would like to come
to Auschwitz and offer his wares.

00:40:34.920 --> 00:40:37.480 align:center line:-1
He wanted to supply Auschwitz.

00:40:39.640 --> 00:40:42.960 align:center line:-2
And he actually did go there.
He gave the date he would arrive.

00:40:43.120 --> 00:40:46.200 align:center line:-2
He arrived there
but of course he wasn't let in.

00:40:46.760 --> 00:40:50.440 align:center line:-2
That was very sad, but now there comes
the part that I can't explain.

00:40:50.760 --> 00:40:53.240 align:center line:-1
At some point he discovered

00:40:53.400 --> 00:40:56.920 align:center line:-2
that his Alice was
in a different concentration camp.

00:40:57.080 --> 00:41:00.040 align:center position:51% line:-1
She was in Christianstadt,

00:41:00.200 --> 00:41:02.360 align:center line:-1
which was only for women.

00:41:02.520 --> 00:41:04.480 align:center line:-1
And so he went there too.

00:41:04.800 --> 00:41:08.560 align:center line:-2
And there he achieved
what he wasn't able to achieve at Auschwitz.

00:41:09.120 --> 00:41:11.960 align:center line:-1
There was a worker...

00:41:12.480 --> 00:41:15.800 align:center line:-2
he had some repairs or other
to make in the camp.

00:41:16.480 --> 00:41:19.400 align:center line:-1
He spoke to him and asked if he could help.

00:41:19.560 --> 00:41:22.040 align:center line:-1
He showed him a photograph of Alice:

00:41:22.600 --> 00:41:24.760 align:center line:-1
"Find this woman for me."

00:41:24.920 --> 00:41:26.960 align:center line:-1
The man was Polish.

00:41:27.120 --> 00:41:31.320 align:center line:-2
And that Polish man
did actually find Alice in the camp.

00:41:32.640 --> 00:41:36.680 align:center line:-2
And from then on
Otto Weidt sent first of all medicines

00:41:36.840 --> 00:41:41.520 align:center line:-2
and then also other things to keep her strong
into the camp via that man,

00:41:41.680 --> 00:41:44.800 align:center line:-1
whom he had bribed with money, of course.

00:41:45.920 --> 00:41:48.200 align:center line:-1
And one day he told her:

00:41:48.360 --> 00:41:52.760 align:center line:-1
"I have rented a room in the nearby town,

00:41:53.200 --> 00:41:54.880 align:center line:-1
in Christianstadt,

00:41:55.080 --> 00:41:58.480 align:center line:-2
and there are clothes
and money for you there.

00:41:58.720 --> 00:42:02.160 align:center line:-1
Try to escape and come back to Berlin."

00:42:03.280 --> 00:42:05.400 align:center line:-1
And that's what happened.

00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:11.480 align:center line:-2
One day the Germans realized that the war
wasn't turning out in their favor.

00:42:12.000 --> 00:42:17.040 align:center line:-2
The Russians were advancing west,
and the Germans didn't want them to see

00:42:17.200 --> 00:42:21.000 align:center line:-2
what they had been doing
to the people in those places.

00:42:21.480 --> 00:42:25.560 align:center line:-1
And so they evacuated all of those camps

00:42:25.720 --> 00:42:28.240 align:center line:-1
where people were still alive

00:42:28.760 --> 00:42:32.440 align:center line:-2
and they sent them west,
to other concentration camps.

00:42:33.000 --> 00:42:36.280 align:center line:-1
And Alice took that opportunity to escape.

00:42:36.520 --> 00:42:40.960 align:center line:-2
She went to that apartment, changed
her clothes and made it back here to Berlin.

00:42:41.120 --> 00:42:43.400 align:center line:-1
And the thing about that was...

00:42:43.560 --> 00:42:45.720 align:center line:-1
He had to hide her all over again.

00:42:45.880 --> 00:42:49.640 align:center line:-1
Because, unbelievably, the Nazis continued,

00:42:49.800 --> 00:42:52.920 align:center line:-1
until late March 1945,

00:42:53.240 --> 00:42:57.360 align:center line:-2
to hunt down Jews in Berlin,
especially those in hiding.

00:42:57.680 --> 00:43:01.000 align:center line:-2
They were still doing that
six weeks before the war ended!

00:43:01.160 --> 00:43:03.240 align:center line:-1
By then, nobody believed...

00:43:03.400 --> 00:43:07.320 align:center line:-2
Even the Nazis could see
that things were going badly for them.

00:43:07.480 --> 00:43:11.280 align:center line:-2
But they still kept on
arresting those people. You know?

00:43:11.440 --> 00:43:14.120 align:center line:-2
And so he hid her somewhere.
I don't know where.

00:43:14.280 --> 00:43:16.760 align:center line:-1
But, in any case, she survived.

00:43:17.720 --> 00:43:20.400 align:center line:-2
I have a question
about the time after the war.

00:43:21.080 --> 00:43:24.320 align:center line:-2
You spent time
living in England and in Israel,

00:43:24.480 --> 00:43:26.160 align:center line:-1
as well as Berlin.

00:43:26.320 --> 00:43:30.200 align:center line:-2
Where did you feel most comfortable?
What's your favorite place to live?

00:43:31.080 --> 00:43:33.600 align:center line:-2
That's easy to answer. Israel.
- Yes.

00:43:33.800 --> 00:43:37.560 align:center line:-2
People there still have
some of that sense of solidarity

00:43:37.720 --> 00:43:39.600 align:center line:-1
that I was used to...

00:43:40.200 --> 00:43:43.760 align:center line:-2
that I experienced
during my time living in hiding.

00:43:44.360 --> 00:43:48.920 align:center line:-2
What they have achieved in that state
is indescribable, just wonderful.

00:43:49.480 --> 00:43:53.040 align:center line:-2
The willingness to help,
the solidarity that I experienced...

00:43:53.200 --> 00:43:54.760 align:center line:-1
I arrived quite late.

00:43:55.080 --> 00:43:57.360 align:center line:-1
I didn't arrive in Israel until 1972.

00:43:57.520 --> 00:44:00.320 align:center line:-2
And I didn't speak any Hebrew.
Remember that.

00:44:00.480 --> 00:44:04.000 align:center line:-2
And they really helped me
to be able to live there

00:44:04.160 --> 00:44:06.760 align:center line:-1
and I very much enjoyed living there.

00:44:06.920 --> 00:44:08.960 align:center line:-1
Berlin has a great attraction for me.

00:44:09.120 --> 00:44:13.360 align:center line:-2
First of all, it has the only language
I can really speak: Berlin dialect.

00:44:13.520 --> 00:44:17.400 align:center line:-2
And then there's the culture in Berlin,
the atmosphere here.

00:44:17.560 --> 00:44:19.760 align:center line:-1
Berliners are sassy, like me.

00:44:19.920 --> 00:44:21.640 align:center line:-1
That's right, isn't it?

00:44:22.400 --> 00:44:26.880 align:center line:-2
And that's what makes it possible
for me to be here.

00:44:27.120 --> 00:44:31.880 align:center line:-2
But here I always have the feeling
that something like that might happen again.

00:44:32.040 --> 00:44:36.920 align:center line:-2
We're experiencing that now, right?
And so that's my answer to that question.

00:44:37.920 --> 00:44:41.960 align:center line:-2
On November 9, 1938
there was the Night of Broken Glass.

00:44:42.120 --> 00:44:44.120 align:center line:-1
What was that like for you?

00:44:44.440 --> 00:44:47.560 align:center line:-2
Yes, that was a horrible day.
First of all because...

00:44:47.720 --> 00:44:50.480 align:center line:-1
at that time the Gestapo...

00:44:50.640 --> 00:44:54.840 align:center line:-2
took away thousands of Jewish men
and took them to concentration camps.

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.040 align:center line:-2
They came to us as well.
But thankfully my dad wasn't at home.

00:44:59.200 --> 00:45:02.840 align:center line:-2
And my mother said,
"I don't know where he is."

00:45:03.000 --> 00:45:04.760 align:center line:-1
And the Gestapo said,

00:45:04.920 --> 00:45:07.120 align:center line:-1
"As soon as he gets back home,

00:45:07.280 --> 00:45:09.320 align:center line:-1
send him to the police.

00:45:09.480 --> 00:45:11.280 align:center line:-1
He is under arrest."

00:45:12.360 --> 00:45:17.240 align:center line:-2
My mother only pretended that she didn't know
where he was. Of course she knew, really.

00:45:17.400 --> 00:45:20.400 align:center line:-1
And so our friends hid my father.

00:45:20.560 --> 00:45:24.680 align:center line:-2
That was the very first hiding place.
With our friends.

00:45:25.160 --> 00:45:28.400 align:center line:-2
They took us to an old woman
in Brandenburgische Strasse.

00:45:28.560 --> 00:45:32.440 align:center line:-2
Her apartment only had 1.5 rooms,
and she didn't know us.

00:45:32.600 --> 00:45:35.440 align:center line:-1
But we arrived there with a mutual friend

00:45:35.600 --> 00:45:39.200 align:center line:-2
and so she agreed
to let us stay there for one night.

00:45:39.360 --> 00:45:42.360 align:center line:-1
She had a half-size room that she slept in

00:45:42.520 --> 00:45:45.400 align:center line:-1
and in the large room, which was the "salon,"

00:45:45.560 --> 00:45:48.160 align:center line:-1
there were just two parakeets.

00:45:48.480 --> 00:45:53.400 align:center line:-2
My mother and I slept on the ground,
supported by the cushions from armchairs.

00:45:53.720 --> 00:45:57.960 align:center line:-2
And so, time passed
and after about two weeks we went back home.

00:45:58.480 --> 00:46:01.560 align:center line:-2
We went to the old lady
to thank her for taking us in

00:46:01.880 --> 00:46:03.960 align:center line:-1
when she didn't know us.

00:46:04.120 --> 00:46:06.960 align:center line:-2
And she said,
"Something strange happened.

00:46:07.120 --> 00:46:10.560 align:center line:-2
Niki and Pippa always perch upside-down
on the curtain rail

00:46:10.720 --> 00:46:12.920 align:center line:-1
and they chatter together."

00:46:13.080 --> 00:46:16.320 align:center line:-2
They could speak,
and they said, "Martin, are you crazy?"

00:46:16.480 --> 00:46:18.200 align:center line:-1
Martin was my dad's name.

00:46:18.360 --> 00:46:21.440 align:center line:-2
"Are you crazy?"
was something my mom would say.

00:46:22.040 --> 00:46:25.440 align:center line:-2
That's because my father didn't want
to leave Germany.

00:46:25.760 --> 00:46:28.080 align:center line:-1
He was one of those Jews

00:46:29.320 --> 00:46:30.960 align:center line:-1
who loved Germany.

00:46:31.120 --> 00:46:34.720 align:center line:-2
They were justified.
It was their home country.

00:46:35.040 --> 00:46:37.080 align:center line:-1
He said, "Germany is my home.

00:46:37.240 --> 00:46:40.320 align:center line:-2
German is my language, my culture.
I won't go abroad!"

00:46:40.640 --> 00:46:44.200 align:center line:-2
And then of course
there came that terrible day.

00:46:44.360 --> 00:46:48.520 align:center line:-2
The synagogues were set on fire
and all the Jewish shops on the Ku'damm.

00:46:48.840 --> 00:46:53.600 align:center line:-2
They had been marked previously
with paint in big, white letters,

00:46:53.760 --> 00:46:55.560 align:center line:-1
and with "Sara" and "Israel."

00:46:55.880 --> 00:46:59.360 align:center line:-2
Afterwards the Ku'damm
looked like it did later on

00:46:59.680 --> 00:47:02.600 align:center line:-1
after all the air raids over the city.

00:47:02.760 --> 00:47:06.080 align:center line:-2
It was a horrible day.
And there were people who...

00:47:06.240 --> 00:47:10.400 align:center line:-2
We had a dairy.
And they said, "What on earth is going on?"

00:47:10.560 --> 00:47:14.480 align:center line:-2
At that time they were still very critical:
"You don't do that!"

00:47:14.640 --> 00:47:17.160 align:center line:-1
Just... Oh, it was just awful!

00:47:17.480 --> 00:47:22.520 align:center line:-2
And so that happened that day and of course
I wasn't allowed to go to school.

00:47:22.680 --> 00:47:26.640 align:center line:-1
Yes, and so that day in November 1938

00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:29.080 align:center line:-1
was the moment, or the day

00:47:29.240 --> 00:47:32.880 align:center line:-2
where we said
that Jews could no longer safely live here.

00:47:33.040 --> 00:47:35.440 align:center line:-1
And even my father accepted that then.

00:47:35.760 --> 00:47:38.680 align:center line:-2
What's the first thing
you think about from those days?

00:47:39.920 --> 00:47:44.040 align:center line:-2
Oh, goodness!
Well, first of all, all the people I lost.

00:47:44.200 --> 00:47:47.920 align:center line:-2
That's not something
you ever stop thinking about.

00:47:48.080 --> 00:47:50.200 align:center line:-1
That stays in your mind, you know?

00:47:50.360 --> 00:47:52.240 align:center line:-1
That's the main thing.

00:47:52.560 --> 00:47:56.960 align:center line:-2
What is the main thing you think about
from your days with Otto Weidt?

00:47:57.600 --> 00:48:01.560 align:center line:-2
The pleasure he got
from tricking those Nazis, you know?

00:48:01.720 --> 00:48:05.080 align:center line:-2
We laughed ourselves silly!
That was just divine!

00:48:05.240 --> 00:48:10.160 align:center line:-2
And he laughed with us. He would get
that accordion face I mentioned earlier.

00:48:14.160 --> 00:48:20.200 align:center line:-2
How was Otto Weidt able
to get his workers back?

00:48:20.760 --> 00:48:23.560 align:center line:-2
It was quite simple.
So, the Gestapo came here.

00:48:23.720 --> 00:48:26.920 align:center line:-2
It wasn't the big "heroes"
that he otherwise had to deal with.

00:48:27.080 --> 00:48:29.120 align:center line:-1
It was the "underlings," as I call them.

00:48:29.280 --> 00:48:33.040 align:center line:-2
"All you blind, get ready!
You're going to be taken away." Awful!

00:48:33.800 --> 00:48:37.040 align:center line:-2
Can you imagine all those blind people
suddenly having

00:48:37.360 --> 00:48:39.040 align:center line:-1
to gather their things?

00:48:39.360 --> 00:48:41.040 align:center line:-1
And this, "<i>Schnell, schnell!</i>"

00:48:41.360 --> 00:48:44.360 align:center line:-1
Such a horrible phrase: "Faster, faster!"

00:48:45.360 --> 00:48:49.040 align:center line:-2
And the incredible thing,
which really impressed me:

00:48:49.360 --> 00:48:51.040 align:center line:-1
no one cried or screamed.

00:48:51.600 --> 00:48:55.040 align:center line:-1
Apart from little Rosi Katz...

00:48:55.360 --> 00:48:59.320 align:center line:-2
You can see her on this photograph.
She was just a little woman.

00:48:59.640 --> 00:49:03.360 align:center line:-2
She kept saying,
"I don't even have a jacket for the journey."

00:49:03.680 --> 00:49:05.880 align:center line:-1
It was a horrible thing to hear.

00:49:06.040 --> 00:49:07.920 align:center line:-1
Then they forced them

00:49:08.240 --> 00:49:11.560 align:center line:-1
down the stairs... These stairs right here.

00:49:11.880 --> 00:49:14.080 align:center line:-1
... and shoved them into the van.

00:49:14.240 --> 00:49:16.440 align:center line:-1
Otto Weidt tried to talk to them.

00:49:16.760 --> 00:49:21.120 align:center line:-2
They said, "We just have orders
to pick up the blind. No more, no less."

00:49:22.040 --> 00:49:26.880 align:center line:-2
And then Otto Weidt disappeared.
Of course, he'd gone to see the Gestapo.

00:49:27.320 --> 00:49:30.600 align:center line:-2
Of course I wasn't there,
but he told us about it later.

00:49:30.760 --> 00:49:35.080 align:center line:-2
He said, "What do you think you're doing?
Are you trying to ruin me?

00:49:35.240 --> 00:49:39.320 align:center line:-2
Without workers, I...
You can't take all my workers away from me."

00:49:39.720 --> 00:49:43.360 align:center line:-2
And he probably had a package under his arm.
I didn't see.

00:49:43.520 --> 00:49:48.640 align:center line:-2
In any case, after a while
he returned to the workshop

00:49:48.960 --> 00:49:51.680 align:center line:-1
with all the people who had been taken away.

00:49:51.840 --> 00:49:56.280 align:center line:-2
It looked like a protest demo.
They marched along all the way here.

00:49:56.440 --> 00:49:58.200 align:center line:-1
And it was so...

00:49:58.360 --> 00:50:01.360 align:center line:-2
We thought it was
the best thing that could happen.

00:50:01.520 --> 00:50:03.680 align:center line:-1
And we were all convinced

00:50:03.840 --> 00:50:08.680 align:center line:-2
that he would always be able to help us
and we didn't need to be frightened.

00:50:08.840 --> 00:50:11.760 align:center line:-1
However, he told us that we were mistaken:

00:50:12.120 --> 00:50:14.560 align:center line:-1
"The Nazis are determined

00:50:14.840 --> 00:50:17.480 align:center line:-1
to make Berlin free of Jews."

00:50:18.280 --> 00:50:22.320 align:center line:-2
And as a result he knew
we had to find good hiding places.

00:50:23.000 --> 00:50:26.480 align:center line:-2
Perhaps you could tell us something
about the Horn family.

00:50:26.640 --> 00:50:28.840 align:center line:-2
Yes.
- We're going to look at their room.

00:50:29.000 --> 00:50:30.360 align:center line:-1
Yes, yes.

00:50:30.520 --> 00:50:34.360 align:center line:-1
Yes. So Chaim Horn was a...

00:50:34.680 --> 00:50:36.600 align:center line:-1
He was a bristles expert.

00:50:36.920 --> 00:50:40.880 align:center line:-1
He had had a factory in Brandenburg,

00:50:41.040 --> 00:50:43.320 align:center line:-1
which of course the Nazis stole.

00:50:43.480 --> 00:50:46.560 align:center line:-1
And so Otto Weidt gave him accommodation

00:50:46.880 --> 00:50:48.960 align:center line:-1
and a job here.

00:50:49.120 --> 00:50:51.400 align:center line:-1
He was responsible for the bristles.

00:50:51.920 --> 00:50:56.080 align:center line:-2
When the whole thing started
with all the deportations...

00:50:56.400 --> 00:50:59.920 align:center line:-2
He must have heard
that Otto Weidt was taking care of things

00:51:00.240 --> 00:51:02.640 align:center line:-1
and that he might be able to hide him.

00:51:02.800 --> 00:51:05.240 align:center line:-1
And so he began pestering Otto Weidt.

00:51:05.400 --> 00:51:09.000 align:center line:-2
And he finally gave in and said,
"All right, we'll do something."

00:51:09.160 --> 00:51:13.080 align:center line:-2
And so he had the back room equipped
to accommodate four people.

00:51:13.240 --> 00:51:15.400 align:center line:-1
That means, four mattresses.

00:51:16.040 --> 00:51:21.200 align:center line:-2
The others were Horn's wife and two children.
He had a son and a daughter.

00:51:21.560 --> 00:51:24.160 align:center line:-1
His son used to help him with his work.

00:51:24.960 --> 00:51:26.720 align:center line:-1
The four of them camped there.

00:51:27.040 --> 00:51:31.360 align:center line:-2
One day, Chaim Horn,
the father, went out onto the street

00:51:31.920 --> 00:51:34.520 align:center line:-1
and met an old friend

00:51:35.280 --> 00:51:37.040 align:center line:-1
and told him everything.

00:51:37.200 --> 00:51:41.560 align:center line:-2
Who Otto Weidt was, what he was doing,
how he was helping us, and so on.

00:51:42.160 --> 00:51:46.240 align:center line:-2
Chaim didn't know that, unfortunately,
that man was an informer.

00:51:46.960 --> 00:51:49.440 align:center line:-1
He was working for the Gestapo.

00:51:49.760 --> 00:51:53.120 align:center line:-2
A day or so later
the Gestapo came here.

00:51:54.320 --> 00:51:56.320 align:center line:-1
They knew exactly where to go.

00:51:56.640 --> 00:51:58.640 align:center line:-1
And they arrested them all.

00:51:58.800 --> 00:52:01.720 align:center line:-1
And Otto Weidt pretty much managed

00:52:02.200 --> 00:52:04.760 align:center line:-1
to save his Alice

00:52:04.920 --> 00:52:06.880 align:center line:-1
by the fact that he...

00:52:07.080 --> 00:52:10.720 align:center line:-2
I don't know how he did it,
but he was able to ensure

00:52:11.040 --> 00:52:16.640 align:center line:-2
that his people were sent
"only" to Theresienstadt.

00:52:16.800 --> 00:52:21.960 align:center line:-2
Theresienstadt was a camp that had
previously been a barracks of the Czech army.

00:52:22.120 --> 00:52:26.360 align:center line:-2
And that's where the people
who had been arrested were accommodated.

00:52:26.520 --> 00:52:28.080 align:center line:-1
It was bad enough.

00:52:28.400 --> 00:52:32.320 align:center line:-2
People were dying there too
and didn't have enough to eat.

00:52:32.480 --> 00:52:36.760 align:center line:-2
But there weren't any gas chambers
like there were in Auschwitz.

00:52:36.920 --> 00:52:41.760 align:center line:-2
And through his conversations with the Nazis,
Otto Weidt was able to ensure

00:52:41.920 --> 00:52:47.480 align:center line:-2
that the Licht family and all the others
were not taken to Auschwitz

00:52:47.640 --> 00:52:52.600 align:center line:-2
but instead "only" to Theresienstadt,
where he then sent care packages.

00:52:53.520 --> 00:52:56.760 align:center line:-2
Were you sometimes sad
when you were writing your books?

00:52:56.920 --> 00:52:59.400 align:center line:-1
Well, it wasn't so easy. You're quite right.

00:52:59.560 --> 00:53:01.680 align:center line:-1
It was difficult in so far as...

00:53:01.840 --> 00:53:06.040 align:center line:-2
When you write a book,
when you describe a scene,

00:53:06.200 --> 00:53:08.040 align:center line:-1
you experience it again.

00:53:08.200 --> 00:53:09.680 align:center line:-1
You see?

00:53:10.400 --> 00:53:12.640 align:center line:-1
Otherwise you can't write it down.

00:53:12.960 --> 00:53:16.800 align:center line:-1
And that's not all that easy

00:53:17.120 --> 00:53:21.120 align:center line:-2
when you're writing about family members
or close friends.

00:53:21.440 --> 00:53:23.520 align:center line:-1
Because it all comes flooding back.

00:53:23.840 --> 00:53:28.240 align:center line:-2
That's why it took so long for me
to finally get my book out.

00:53:28.560 --> 00:53:32.960 align:center line:-2
My publisher pretty much
had to force me to finish the book.

00:53:33.120 --> 00:53:34.840 align:center line:-1
It wasn't easy.

00:53:35.160 --> 00:53:37.440 align:center line:-1
This book. When did you start...

00:53:37.600 --> 00:53:43.400 align:center line:-2
So... This book here. When did you start
writing it and when did you finish it?

00:53:43.800 --> 00:53:49.280 align:center line:-2
I started to write it straight after the war,
once I was in England and had settled down.

00:53:49.440 --> 00:53:52.880 align:center line:-2
But, as I said,
there would always come this moment

00:53:53.040 --> 00:53:57.760 align:center line:-2
where I had to describe a person
or a situation that made me feel terrible.

00:53:57.920 --> 00:54:01.240 align:center line:-1
And so I would put the manuscript aside.

00:54:01.680 --> 00:54:06.880 align:center line:-2
It was like that for years. I had to force
myself to start writing again. It was tough.

00:54:09.520 --> 00:54:13.280 align:center line:-1
When everyone was taken away the second time

00:54:13.440 --> 00:54:19.040 align:center line:-2
Otto Weidt wasn't able
to get his people back.

00:54:19.200 --> 00:54:23.600 align:center line:-2
Those people
were all taken to concentration camps.

00:54:23.920 --> 00:54:27.440 align:center line:-1
How did you feel, being all alone

00:54:27.600 --> 00:54:30.880 align:center line:-1
or almost alone, in Papa Weidt's house?

00:54:31.040 --> 00:54:32.960 align:center line:-1
That's an important question.

00:54:33.120 --> 00:54:35.760 align:center line:-1
That's something I've never gotten over.

00:54:35.920 --> 00:54:39.440 align:center line:-1
To this day, I still feel guilty about that.

00:54:40.080 --> 00:54:44.120 align:center line:-2
The fate of those other people
was meant to be my fate too.

00:54:44.680 --> 00:54:46.360 align:center line:-1
But I hid.

00:54:47.280 --> 00:54:51.120 align:center line:-2
And then you feel guilty
for having done that.

00:54:51.880 --> 00:54:53.680 align:center line:-1
Well, that's how it is.

00:54:54.800 --> 00:54:57.320 align:center line:-2
I'm very happy
that we were able to meet again.

00:54:57.480 --> 00:54:59.160 align:center line:-1
It's a blessing.

00:54:59.480 --> 00:55:04.360 align:center line:-2
And I think it's wonderful that you are
willing to share with the younger generation

00:55:05.280 --> 00:55:08.960 align:center line:-2
and hopefully inspire them
to get politically active.

00:55:09.360 --> 00:55:11.160 align:center line:-1
Yes. I hope so, too.

00:55:25.080 --> 00:55:28.680 align:center line:-2
What do you want to be?
- Don't know yet. Maybe an actor.

00:55:29.320 --> 00:55:30.960 align:center line:-1
An actor?

00:55:34.280 --> 00:55:36.920 align:center line:-1
<i>I fear that's the task for our youth,</i>

00:55:37.080 --> 00:55:38.960 align:center line:-1
<i>for the next generation:</i>

00:55:39.120 --> 00:55:42.800 align:center line:-2
<i>to be vigilant</i>
<i>and ensure nothing like that happens again.</i>

00:55:42.960 --> 00:55:47.800 align:center line:-2
<i>To not allow any swine like the Nazis</i>
<i>to get back into power again.</i>

00:55:48.080 --> 00:55:52.320 align:center line:-2
<i>They were murderers, and there is a danger</i>
<i>that something like that could happen again</i>

00:55:52.480 --> 00:55:54.560 align:center line:-1
<i>if we're not careful.</i>

00:55:54.720 --> 00:55:57.680 align:center line:-2
<i>The fact there have been</i>
<i>several recent occasions</i>

00:55:57.840 --> 00:55:59.920 align:center line:-1
<i>when Nazis have killed people</i>

00:56:00.080 --> 00:56:03.480 align:center line:-2
<i>because of the color of their skin</i>
<i>is just unbelievable.</i>

00:56:03.640 --> 00:56:09.760 align:center line:-2
<i>What is even more unbelievable is the fact</i>
<i>that those people have not been prosecuted.</i>

00:56:09.920 --> 00:56:13.720 align:center line:-2
<i>So there have been murders here</i>
<i>of the kind that happened back then.</i>

00:56:13.880 --> 00:56:18.760 align:center line:-2
<i>And that could happen on a grand scale</i>
<i>if we don't watch out.</i>

00:56:21.880 --> 00:56:25.800 align:center line:-2
IT WAS WONDERFUL TO TALK TO MS. DEUTSCHKRON.
SHE HAD A LOT TO SAY.

00:56:25.960 --> 00:56:29.440 align:center line:-2
AND THE MUSEUM WITH ITS THREE ORIGINAL ROOMS
WAS GREAT TOO.

00:56:31.280 --> 00:56:36.920 align:center line:-2
A CONVERSATION FILMED BY
ULRIKE, CARSTEN AND JAKOB KRÜGER

00:56:37.600 --> 00:56:40.680 align:center line:-2
WITH ESPECIAL THANKS TO
INGE DEUTSCHKRON

00:56:40.840 --> 00:56:44.920 align:center line:-2
AND THE STUDENTS OF THE LUTHERAN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL IN POTSDAM

00:56:48.680 --> 00:56:52.160 align:center line:-2
ON BEHALF OF
THE GERMAN RESISTANCE MEMORIAL CENTER

00:56:53.520 --> 00:56:56.880 align:center line:-2
DEAR MS. DEUTSCHKRON
I FOUND OUR CONVERSATION VERY MOVING.

00:56:57.040 --> 00:56:59.040 align:center line:-1
I LEARNED A LOT FROM IT.

00:56:59.200 --> 00:57:02.320 align:center line:-2
THAT SAME EVENING I WAS ABLE
TO QUOTE FROM OUR TALK.

00:57:02.480 --> 00:57:04.720 align:center line:-1
MY FRIEND RECEIVED AN NPD FLYER.

00:57:04.880 --> 00:57:09.880 align:center line:-2
BECAUSE WE ARE BOTH INTERESTED IN POLITICS
WE KNEW WHAT THE GOALS OF THOSE "SWINE" ARE.

00:57:10.040 --> 00:57:13.160 align:center line:-2
WE QUOTED YOU
AND THOUGHT ABOUT OUR CONVERSATION.

00:57:13.320 --> 00:57:15.520 align:center line:-1
I AM PLEASED TO HAVE MET YOU.

00:57:15.680 --> 00:57:17.880 align:center line:-1
YOURS, AINO (WHO WANTS TO BE AN ACTOR)